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What’s Genetically Modified Alfalfa Got To Do With Organic Food? Everything.

The USDA recently decided to allow unrestricted planting of genetically engineered alfalfa, which could pose problems to organic farmers who feed the plant to their animals.

 

Scott Trexler takes the namesake of his Rocky Ridge, MD farm pretty seriously. Sattva Place is named for the Sanskrit word for purity, so Trexler keeps growth-enhancing hormones, not to mention fertilizers and pesticides, away from the various animals and plants on his farm, which include hay, goats, chickens and pigs.

The certified-organic hay that Trexler produces for his customers in Frederick County demands a certain level of attention to production practices, but a new edict from the U.S. Department of Agriculture threatens to contaminate the farming standards of some organic farmers.

The planting of genetically engineered alfalfa, previously curtailed by the USDA, will be unrestricted, according to a Jan. 27 release. The genetically engineered (abbreviated GE) version was created to resist a common herbicide named Roundup. Organic farmers like Trexler believe that when GE alfalfa, so-called “Roundup Ready alphalfa seeds,” aren’t differentiated from natural alfalfa, organic food may cease to meet the current standards of the industry.

“I’m worried about GM [genetically modified] organisms, period,” Trexler said, after acknowledging that his business probably won’t change because of the new rule. “They could affect us all in a really, scary way -- in ways we don’t know.”

Nick Maravell, owner of Nick’s Organic Farm, LLC in Buckeystown, MD, feels similarly.

“If we feed genetically modified alfalfa to our animals, there’s no study of what impact that would have,” he said. “Let’s look at the facts first. We don’t have enough facts.”

Maravell is right. Scientific evidence is still inconclusive, and concerns about the potential health risks of eating genetically modified food is one of the reasons more and more Americans turn to organic food each year. Case in point: the sale of organic food and beverages in the United States has increased exponentially over the last decade, soaring from $1 billion in 1990 to $24.8 billion in 2009, according to the Organic Trade Association’s 2010 Organic Industry Survey.

The USDA ruling, according to some farmers, could change what it means for a food product to be “organic” if farmers can’t tell whether they're feeding animals natural alfalfa or not. Tom Vilsack, secretary of the USDA, referred to this in a letter to stakeholders.

Vilsack wrote that he “acknowledges the potential of cross-fertilization to non-Genetically Engineered (GE) alfalfa from GE alfalfa.”  

Besides unknowingly feeding animals GE alfalfa, Maravell is also concerned that growing the herbicide-resistent plant will result in increased pesticide use because a farmer can spray the herbicide without killing the alfalfa, causing a tendency to spray more often.  

“They’ll sell more chemicals,” Maravell added. “So certain people will make some money.”

While some small farmers are fearful of the deregulation, The Wall Street Journal declared the move “a victory for the big seed and agri-chemicals company [that produces Roundup Ready Alfalfa Seeds].” 

Not everyone’s taking the change lying down. The Center for Food Safety announced plans to legally challenge the decision.

Related Topics: Organic Food and USDA
Do you think the deregulation will affect organic food production? Tell us in the comments.

Shannon Reed

11:38 am on Friday, February 11, 2011

At first I thought this was a news article, so I was actually relieved to see it labeled as an opinion piece, because it if very biased.

" If we feed genetically modified alfalfa to our animals, there’s no study of what impact that would have,” he said. “Let’s look at the facts first. We don’t have enough facts.” Maravell is right. Scientific is still inconclusive...??

Most scientific studies suggest that the consumption of the currently approved GE feed and food is safe (for animals or humans). So, I really think your statement is unnecessary fear-mongering. It is one thing if you don't like Monsanto controlling seed markets. That's an issue worth discussion. But it is a very different thing to imply, without some basis, that a consumed gene may be poisoning animals or people.
Respectfully,
Robin Schoen, Washington, DC

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Beth Borzone

1:31 am on Saturday, February 12, 2011

Robin,
Thank you for your comments. You are right that a number of studies suggest that the consumption of GE feed and food is safe. Other scientists question this, however, and think that more studies need to be done to be sure. Some studies have been very controversial; others have had their procedures questioned.
Here are some studies that called for more research to be done:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2952409/
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17356802
http://www.biolsci.org/v05p0706.htm

If you know a scientist, I would love a scientist's analysis of this article
http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Monsanto_and_GM_Foods:_Health_Risks

My goal was not to prove that GM foods cause health problems, merely to acknowledge that this is a deep concern that many people have. Should GM alfalfa cross-pollinate with organic alfalfa, buying organic milk or beef, might not be an option for people in the future, and that is disconcerting for those who really want to buy it.

Maru Whitmore

12:50 pm on Friday, February 11, 2011

Alfalfa will not be "contaminated with chemicals because of RR seed"! The alfalfa whether Round up ready and organic farms grow does not go to seed so there would not be any cross polination there. Round up Ready indicates that specific alfalfa contains a genetic RESISTANCE to "Round up" herbicide. This trait is selected from lilies that are resistant to Round up herbicide naturally. So in a way it contains a "man made mutation".
Round up ready Alfalfa permits growers to make more efficient use of the soil and water as the possibility of applying Round up herbicide is present so to not kill the alfalfa but the other weeds.
Many weeds that grow near alfalfa will compete for nutrition from the soil and for water. Many of these weeds could also pose a threat to livestock health if they are not properly eliminated from contaminating alfalfa as feed. Keeping a safe, highly nutritious and bountiful supply of alfalfa also helps with healthy livestock and healthy food for humans.

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Beth Borzone

12:39 am on Saturday, February 12, 2011

Maru,
Thank you for your comment. The concern is that the genetically modified alfalfa will cross-fertilize with the organic alfalfa, which would result in both alfalfa plants containing genetically modified organisms, although perhaps to different degrees, and making it nearly impossible to get 100% natural alfalfa. Cross-fertilization could occur naturally through the pollination process or by human error, the inadvertent mixing of seeds. Cross pollination has already occurred in corn crops and soy crops, which probably why Secretary of Agriculture, Tom Vilsack, said he "acknowledges the potential of cross-fertilization." Time magazine had a good article about what happened to corn if you are interested.

http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1599110,00.html

steve6183

1:27 pm on Friday, February 11, 2011

GM foods will always be an issue. people don't realize how foods actually end up on their plates some times. lol, who knows how many chickens were probably killed for the super bowl last weekend? http://www.howtoeathealthey.info

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Beth Borzone

12:15 am on Saturday, February 12, 2011

Steve,
Thanks so much for sharing your thoughts and your link! I used to be one of those people who never thought about what I ate, until I had a health issue years ago. The more I read the more I feel it's really important to think about what goes into the food we eat. And the more I learn about food the more I appreciate the local farmers who produce it!

-Beth

Becca

7:38 pm on Saturday, February 12, 2011

Babies and children who eat and drink genetically modified food have a risk of gastrointestinal reflux than those who eat/drink organic and nurse. Infants are even being treated with drugs to reduce acid indigestion. In fact, the pharm companies making these drugs pulled out of the U.K. when the populace rose up against gmo crops, and moved to the USA. Are you really so naive to wonder the reason?

What mother's eat/drink has a big impact on what happens to the bodies of their babies, I know that from 3 years of nursing long before food was genetically engineered to withstand more herbicides. My daughter had no allergies UNTIL we went away to college and began consuming soy. While soy itself is a high allergy food, 95 percent or more soy is genetically engineered with foreign DNA to withstand more Roundup. This is now a primary source of allergens all over the world. And, is the reason that organic agriculture has been booming. Organic dairy and meat does not eat GMO corn and soy, they eat organic alfalfa.

The Obama-Monsanto Administration is killing wildlife, especially seed eaters and predatory species like wolves, grizzly and cats. Wildlife will not eat GM food or animals who eat GM food. What do rats and other wildlife know that we are kept ignorant about?

What is known is that pigs eating non-gmo corn are fertile and can reproduce. This is not so with pigs eating GMO corn --they are sterile. Is that what's happening to myriad Americans?

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Beth Borzone

12:04 am on Sunday, February 13, 2011

Thank you so much for your comment! I appreciate your bringing up the issues of allergies and I did read an article that allergies increased dramatically after GM foods were introduced in the UK. I'll see if I can find it to post.

alex edwards

11:07 pm on Saturday, February 12, 2011

wallmart health store, this magical creation of the worker bees cannot be recreated by humans, thus, like the queen bee, we must rely on them for its production. A natural source of many essential nutrients that are needed for our bodies to maintain good health, Royal Jelly is a liquid made up of approximately 67% water. www.1wallmart.com/category.php?id_category=19 To minimize the risk of contamination likely in such a state, it needs to be processed within a few hours of removal from the hive, a method that may include treating the product with a chemical preservative, freeze-drying the product, combining it with a natural preservative such as honey, or freezing or refrigerating it. If Royal Jelly is lyophilized, or freeze-dried, the quality of the nutrients is not affected. In fact, this process preserves the nutritional viability for up to four years and reduces the possibility of contamination during the encapsulating and bottling process, whereas Royal Jelly in its liquid state must remain frozen or refrigerated to avoid contamination.

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Beth Borzone

12:18 am on Sunday, February 13, 2011

Hi, Alex,
Thanks for taking the time to read my article. To be honest, I am not familiar with Walmart's health store. Is Royal Jelly organic? 100% natural? It would make me very happy to know that Walmart is selling organic products. And yes, I really do appreciate all those worker bees at Walmart who I know work really hard. Thanks for sharing.

Bill Finneran

1:14 pm on Monday, February 14, 2011

Bravo to you, Beth Borzone, for the fullness of your responses to readers who raise issues or concerns. And for the quality of your articles which, especially to those in the farming community, are important and interesting. Keep up the good work!

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Shannon Reed

3:46 pm on Monday, February 14, 2011

Beth, you cited 3 papers co-authored by Gilles-Eric Séralini of the University of Caen in France. Another French scientist called him a poor scholar (and other names) after The European Food Safety found his work statistically flawed, and Seralini sued the guy for questioning his scientific integrity because Greenpeace sponsored his studies. He won, actually. I found this on http://reason.com/blog/2011/01/19/greenpeace-financed-scientist

I think he is not very representative of scientists on the question of GE safety. Also, tell Becca that all GE crops are screened for allergenicity. Interestingly, any new crop variety created by traditional breeding is not required to have such testing. Anyway, her accusations are a little over the top.

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Beth Borzone

1:45 am on Tuesday, February 15, 2011

Thank you for sharing your expertise and raising the level of our discussion. I had read that some scientists were discredited when they challenged Monsanto, and I wondered if the charges were based on science or politics. I appreciate your article for more insight on this. I've also read that the close relationship between Monsanto and the National Academy of Science causes some to question their studies. http://www.slowfoodusa.org/index.php/slow_food/blog_post/study_on_ge_crop_sustainability_co_authored_by_monsanto/

Given all the controversies, it is understandable to me why some people feel more comfortable eating organic food for now.

Molly Hurley

3:50 pm on Monday, February 14, 2011

In terms of safety, you should check out the latest research compendium from the European Commission. The European Commission an EU institution, which has a responsibility for the health and safety of EU citizens, and it commissions only independent scientific research = no corporate funds.

The results this research on possible health and environmental impacts over the course of 25 years, by 500 independent research groups?

"According to the projects' results, there is, as of today, no scientific evidence associating GMOs with higher risks for the environment or for food and feed safety than conventional plants and organisms."

http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=IP/10/1688

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Beth Borzone

4:56 pm on Wednesday, February 16, 2011

Molly,
Thanks for the great recommendation! I just read the press release and plan to order the book. Really appreciate the suggestion!

Diana

2:28 am on Wednesday, February 16, 2011

I don't smoke cigarettes and I don't wish to inhale cigarette smoke. Governments at local, state and federal levels have enacted various types of legislation that protect my right to breathe air that is free from cigarette smoke via bans on smoking in public buildings, public transportation, parks, even in some entire towns!

Comparatively speaking, I also have a right (and a desire) to purchase food and water that is free from synthetic, petrochemical-based pesticides, herbicides, fertilizers, fungicides, growth regulators, defoliants, etc. -- as well as being free from GMO's. I don't want someone else's lifestyle ideals & food choices forced on me. I want organic (non GMO, non-irridiated) traditional foods. If you want the chemical-laden, genetically-modified foodstuffs and don't have a problem being a guinea pig for giant corporations and helping to line their pockets with profits gained at your expense...go right ahead, but, please, don't contaminate my food and water!

Let me illustrate this issue in another way. I'm spray-painting my car in my driveway using hot pink paint (tinted with a pigment derived from patented, radically genetically-modified and irradiated cochineal insect bodies) and the wind carries a good bit of the pink paint ten feet onto your black Lexus in your driveway. Using USDA's GMO alfalfa logic here, USDA says the pink paint that drifted on the wind and onto your Lexus is not my problem -- it's your problem! How do you feel about that?

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Beth Borzone

4:40 pm on Wednesday, February 16, 2011

Diana,
I appreciate your taking the time to read my article and for sharing your thoughts and feelings which you express so passionately.

-Beth

Diana

1:23 pm on Wednesday, February 16, 2011

More rational thinking about this contentious GMO issue...

From yesterday's New York Times: "Why Aren’t G.M.O. Foods Labeled?"

http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/02/15/why-arent-g-m-o-foods-labeled/?hp

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Beth Borzone

4:44 pm on Wednesday, February 16, 2011

Diana,
Thanks for sharing this very thought provoking article.

-Beth

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